{"id":2401,"date":"2010-02-24T16:19:38","date_gmt":"2010-02-24T21:19:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/charityandsecurity.org\/?p=2401"},"modified":"2019-10-17T13:22:59","modified_gmt":"2019-10-17T17:22:59","slug":"supreme_court_decide_patriot_act_violates_first_amendment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/charityandsecurity.org\/news\/supreme_court_decide_patriot_act_violates_first_amendment\/","title":{"rendered":"Supreme Court Hears Oral Argument To Decide if Parts of Patriot Act Violate First Amendment"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><ul style=\"--awb-line-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-width:27.2px;--awb-icon-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-margin:11.2px;--awb-content-margin:38.4px;\" class=\"fusion-checklist fusion-checklist-1 fusion-checklist-default type-icons\"><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.supremecourtus.gov\/oral_arguments\/argument_transcripts\/08-1498.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Supreme Court oral argument transcript from Feb. 23, 2010<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/shayana-kadidal\/today-at-the-supreme-cour_b_472619.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Can Speech Constitute Terrorism<\/a>? By Shayana Kadidal, senior managing attorney at the <a href=\"http:\/\/ccrjustice.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for Constitutional Rights<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><b>Audio:<\/b><a href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/player\/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&amp;t=1&amp;islist=false&amp;id=123993822&amp;m=123993807\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Does The Patriot Act Violate Free Speech?<\/a> by Nina Totenberg of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=123993822\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>SCOTUS Blog: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/2010\/02\/analysis-anti-terrorism-case-not-an-easy-one\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Analysis: Anti-terrorism case not an easy one\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>New York Times Op-ed: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/02\/23\/opinion\/23farmer.html?sudsredirect=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What Does It Take to Aid a Terrorist?<\/a> By John Farmer Jr., a former attorney general of New Jersey and counsel for the 9\/11 commission<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.truthout.org\/terrorism-law-new-mccarthyism57092\">Terrorism Law, the New McCarthyism<\/a> by Stephen Rohde<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>ABA Journal: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.abajournal.com\/magazine\/article\/a_touch_of_terror\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Touch of Terror?<\/a> Court looks at free speech vs. material support for terrorism by David Savage<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Video: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.constitutionproject.org\/NewsDetail.asp?id=461\">Free Speech, Human Rights, &amp; Counterterrorism Laws<\/a> from the Constitution Project and CSN- A Briefing on What&#8217;s at Stake in the Supreme Court Case Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project (02\/17\/2010)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>On Feb. 23, 2010, the Supreme Court heard arguments on whether parts of the Patriot Act that prohibit supporting a designated terrorist group to pursue peacebuilding programs violate the Constitution. David D. Cole, a lawyer for people and groups challenging the law in the case, Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project (HLP), said the law prevented them from exercising their First Amendment rights. \u201cIt is core political speech on issues of public concern,\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.supremecourtus.gov\/oral_arguments\/argument_transcripts\/08-1498.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cole told the court<\/a>. \u201cIt is advocating only lawful, peaceable activities. This court has never upheld the criminal prohibition of lawful speech on issues of public concern.\u201d Citing previous cases where the Supreme Court\u2019s opinions had distinguished <a href=\"http:\/\/www.supremecourtus.gov\/oral_arguments\/argument_transcripts\/08-1498.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cbetween aid that is intended to further lawful activity and aid that is intended to further illegal activity,\u201d<\/a> [18] Cole said the government should focus on prosecuting individuals intending to further a terrorist organization\u2019s violent and illegal activities, rather than target activists who encourage peaceful political solutions.\u00a0 A ruling in the case is expected by late June or early July.<\/p>\n<p>(Page numbers refer to the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.supremecourtus.gov\/oral_arguments\/argument_transcripts\/08-1498.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Feb. 23, 2010 oral argument transcript<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div><ul style=\"--awb-line-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-width:27.2px;--awb-icon-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-margin:11.2px;--awb-content-margin:38.4px;\" class=\"fusion-checklist fusion-checklist-2 fusion-checklist-default type-icons\"><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><a href=\"#Background_on_Material_Support_Laws_and_HLP\">Background on Material Support Laws and the Humanitarian Law Project<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><a href=\"#Ambiguous_Law_\">Ambiguous Law<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><a href=\"#Chilling_Effect_on_Humanitarian_Aid\">Chilling Effect on Humanitarian Aid<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><a href=\"#Membership_Yes__Peacebuilding_No\">Kagan: Membership Yes, Peacebuilding No<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:22;--minFontSize:22;line-height:1.4;\"><a id=\"Background_on_Material_Support_Laws_and_HLP\" name=\"Background_on_Material_Support_Laws_and_HLP\"><\/a><strong>Background on Material Support Laws and the Humanitarian Law Project<\/strong><\/h4><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#6b6b8b;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p>Originally passed in 1996 but augmented by the Patriot Act in 2001, the material-support statute\u00a0bars providing aid to any organization designated as a terrorist group by the United States government. However, the material support statute not only prohibits providing money and weapons to these groups, but denies U.S. organizations from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/18\/usc_sec_18_00002339---A000-.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">providing<\/a> \u201ctraining,\u201d \u201cpersonnel,\u201d \u201cservice\u201d and \u201cexpert advice or assistance,\u201d including advice on facilitating peacebuilding programs or making human rights claims at the United Nations.<\/p>\n<p>Cole represents individuals and groups who want to advise designated groups about nonviolent approaches to resolving their political grievances. One of the groups Cole represents, the Humanitarian Law Project, is a U.S. nonprofit with a mission to advocate &#8220;for the peaceful resolution of armed conflicts and for worldwide compliance with humanitarian law and human rights law.\u201d \u00a0They sought to advise the Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party (PKK) about <a href=\"http:\/\/politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com\/2010\/02\/23\/justices-hear-governments-appeal-over-terror-support-law\/?fbid=q0AZau86xga\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">advocating their agenda before the U.N. Commission on Human Rights and conducting<\/a> \u201cadvisory sessions and public awareness campaigns.\u201d But because the PKK is a designated terrorist group, the material support statute of the Patriot Act makes these actions criminal.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:22;--minFontSize:22;line-height:1.4;\"><a id=\"Ambiguous_Law_\" name=\"Ambiguous_Law_\"><\/a><strong>Ambiguous Law <\/strong><\/h4><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#6b6b8b;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p>Throughout the oral argument, justices raised questions about whether a distinction can be drawn among different types of support that individuals provide to terrorist organizations. \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/02\/24\/us\/24scotus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr.\u00a0said<\/a> at least one part of the law, banning expert advice, seemed vague to him. \u201cI don\u2019t know sitting down that I could tell,\u201d he said, whether advice about peaceful advocacy was covered by the \u201cmaterial support\u201d statute.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/article\/2010\/02\/23\/AR2010022304877_2.html?hpid=moreheadlines&amp;sid=ST2010022304965\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Justice Sonia Sotomayor said<\/a> the law is so broadly written that almost anything can be included in the category of &#8220;training.&#8221; &#8220;Under the definition of this statute, teaching these members to play the harmonica would be unlawful,&#8221; she said.<\/p>\n<p>Trying to understand what was permissible under the law, <a href=\"http:\/\/politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com\/2010\/02\/23\/justices-hear-governments-appeal-over-terror-support-law\/?fbid=q0AZau86xga\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Justice Stephen Breyer said<\/a> &#8220;petitioning the United Nations \u2026 does not on its face seem to me to be something that reasonably you would think was going to aid [designated groups] in their unlawful objectives.&#8221; \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com\/2010\/02\/23\/justices-hear-governments-appeal-over-terror-support-law\/?fbid=q0AZau86xga\"><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:22;--minFontSize:22;line-height:1.4;\"><strong><a id=\"Chilling_Effect_on_Humanitarian_Aid\" name=\"Chilling_Effect_on_Humanitarian_Aid\"><\/a>Chilling Effect on Humanitarian Aid<\/strong><\/h4><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#6b6b8b;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p>The restrictions created by material support statute have also hampered delivering humanitarian aid to people trapped in areas controlled by a designated group during or after a natural disaster or armed conflict (See Legal Roadblocks for U.S. Famine Relief to Somalia Creating Humanitarian Crisis). Justice Anthony Kennedy <a href=\"http:\/\/politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com\/2010\/02\/23\/justices-hear-governments-appeal-over-terror-support-law\/?fbid=q0AZau86xga\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">conveyed this concern when he asked<\/a> U.S. Solicitor General Elena Kagan \u201ccould \u00a0the government forbid any &#8230; organization or person from giving tsunami aid to one of these organizations,&#8221; referring to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/news\/washington\/judicial\/2010-02-23-terrorism-law-appeal_N.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg also expressed reservations<\/a> about the law\u2019s negative impact on humanitarian aid activities, saying she did not \u201cunderstand the line between &#8220;lawful and unlawful efforts,\u201d adding \u201call [HLP] want to do is speak about lawful activities.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:22;--minFontSize:22;line-height:1.4;\"><strong><a id=\"Membership_Yes__Peacebuilding_No\" name=\"Membership_Yes__Peacebuilding_No\"><\/a>Kagan: Membership Yes, Peacebuilding No<\/strong><\/h4><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#6b6b8b;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p>Countering Cole\u2019s argument that his clients\u2019 First Amendment rights had been violated, Kagan said \u201cthe Petitioners&#8217; supposed First Amendment claims really are not speech claims at all.\u201d[34] Kagan also said, \u201cin addition to engaging in independent advocacy, Petitioners can meet with members of the foreign terrorist organizations, can join the foreign terrorist organizations, that membership is not prohibited by the statute.\u201d [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.supremecourtus.gov\/oral_arguments\/argument_transcripts\/08-1498.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">35<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Ginsberg disagreed with Kagan, saying, \u201cthey said that they want to train them how to do lawful things, how to pursue their goals in a lawful, rather than a terrorist, way. And that is speech.[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.supremecourtus.gov\/oral_arguments\/argument_transcripts\/08-1498.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">45<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Responding to Kagan\u2019s statement that membership in a designated group was legal, Justice Samuel Alito said, \u201cCould you explain how someone could be a member of one of these organizations without providing a service to the organization? Simply by lending one&#8217;s name as a member; that might be regarded as a service. If you attended a meeting and you helped to arrange the chairs in advance or clean up afterwards, you would be providing a service to the organization.\u201d[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.supremecourtus.gov\/oral_arguments\/argument_transcripts\/08-1498.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">39<\/a>]<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Supreme Court Hears Oral Argument To Decide if Parts of Patriot Act Violate First Amendment - Charity &amp; Security Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/charityandsecurity.org\/news\/supreme_court_decide_patriot_act_violates_first_amendment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Supreme Court Hears Oral Argument To Decide if Parts of Patriot Act Violate First Amendment - Charity &amp; 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